亚太地区灾害报告2010

恋爱达人ing

亚太地区灾害报告2010（英文版）
Preface···························································································································································ⅴⅰⅰ
Acknowledgements··································································································································ⅰⅹ
Abbreviations············································································································································ⅹⅰⅰⅰ
CHAPTER I························································································································································1
Disaster risk in Asia and the Pacific·······································································································2
Disaster trends······································································································································2
Across the subregions························································································································2
Types of disaster and impact··············································································································6
Unreported and forgotten disasters···································································································6
Physical and economic exposure to disasters··················································································10
Impact of climate change on disaster risk························································································11
Glacial lake outburst floods··············································································································13
Droughts········································································································································13
Sea level rise···································································································································14
Tropical cyclones·····························································································································15
Heavy precipitation··························································································································15
Forest fires······································································································································15
Climate change and disaster risk······································································································16
An index of disaster risk····················································································································16
CHAPTER II·····················································································································································21
Socio-economic impacts of disasters··································································································22
Impacts of disasters····························································································································22
Economic and social damage assessments·······················································································24
Impact on livelihoods and poverty···································································································26
Impact on health and education·······································································································30
Psychosocial impacts··························································································································30
Gender impacts···································································································································31
Socio-economic vulnerability to disasters························································································32
Defending the poor by accelerating vulnerability reduction·························································36
CHAPTER III···················································································································································39
Reducing vulnerability, socio-economic perspectives·····································································40
Disaster development inter-linkages································································································40
Why is it difficult to make risk reduction a priority?·······································································42
Implications of disasters and climate change for MDG targets·····················································42
Scaling up climate change adaptation in Asia and the Pacific·······················································43
Scaling up disaster risk reduction in Asia and the Pacific·······························································44
HFA Priority Area 1 - Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with
a strong institutional basis for implementation···············································································44
HFA Priority Area 2 - Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning···················47
HFA Priority Area 3 - Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels··············································································································49
HFA Priority Area 4 - Reduce the underlying risk factors·····································································52
HFA Priority Area 5 - Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels·····················56
Implementation challenges···············································································································57
National – local coordination gaps····································································································58
Conclusions·········································································································································59
Opportunities for cross learning·······································································································59
CHAPTER IV···················································································································································65
Making the recovery resilient···············································································································66
Allowing sufficient time····················································································································66
A window of opportunity················································································································67
Planning for recovery·······················································································································68
Governance and local leadership······································································································69
Finance················································································································································69
Building on cultural and social resilience·························································································70
Gender imperatives····························································································································71
Recovery for resilient development··································································································72
CHAPTER V····················································································································································75
Capitalizing on new technology··········································································································76
Bridging information gaps················································································································76
Integrated information systems with decision support tools································································77
Recent advances·································································································································78
Regional communication capacity for emergency response································································79
Earth Observation (EO) data for disaster risk and response·································································80
Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation··································································81
Integration with indigenous knowledge····························································································83
Coping with major disasters··············································································································83
Initiatives for sharing space information and products··································································86
Sentinel Asia···································································································································86
International charter space and major disasters··················································································86
UN-SPIDER······································································································································87
Group on Earth Observations (GEO)·································································································88
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Observation System··············································88
Global Flood Alert System (GFAS)·····································································································88
Regional cooperative mechanisms promoted by ESCAP································································88
Regional Space Applications Programme (RESAP)··············································································88
Asia-Pacific gateway························································································································88
Regional platform for sharing satellite information products and services············································89
Regional cooperation for drought monitoring and early warning························································89
Collaborative communication infrastructure······················································································89
A learning experience························································································································89
CHAPTER VI···················································································································································93
Cooperating across the region·············································································································94
Drivers of regional collaboration······································································································94
Architecture of regional cooperation·······························································································95
Regional intergovernmental organizations·····················································································97
North and East Asia – progress without cooperation··········································································97
South-East Asia – significant cooperation··························································································97
South Asia – promising road maps·································································································101
Central Asia – cooperation in the making························································································103
West Asia – looking for models······································································································104
Pacific Island countries – partnerships and networks········································································104
Other regional organizations··········································································································105
The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)···············································································105
The Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)···················································································106
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)·········································106
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)······················································································107
Academia, the private sector and the media····················································································107
Non-governmental organizations···································································································107
United Nations organizations·········································································································108
Pan-Asia-Pacific Cooperation··········································································································110
Looking forward·······························································································································112
Way forward··········································································································································113
Socio-economic impacts of disasters - threats to development···················································114
Improving risk reduction further – scaling up vulnerability reduction·················································115
Making adaptation more inclusive··································································································116
Improving further vulnerability reduction along the lines of the HFA··················································116
Opportunities after a disaster - making the recovery resilient····················································117
Capitalizing on new technology·····································································································118
Cooperating across the region········································································································118
Bibliography··············································································································································121