2010年世界疟疾报告（英文版）

依思恋雨

2010年世界疟疾报告（英文版）
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Contents
Statement by the United Nations Secretary-General ................................................................................................................................................v
Foreword: Director-General World Health Organization .......................................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................viii
Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ix
Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. xi
Key points .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
2. Goals, policies and strategies for malaria control and elimination ..................................................................................3
2.1 Goals and targets for malaria control and elimination .............................................................................................................3
2.2 Malaria control policies and strategies ...................................................................................................................................................4
2.3 Malaria elimination ...................................................................................................................................................................................................6
2.4 Indicators ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
3. Financing malaria control .........................................................................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Resource requirements ........................................................................................................................................................................................11
3.2 International financing of malaria control .......................................................................................................................................11
3.3 Domestic financing of malaria control ..................................................................................................................................................12
3.4 Category of expenditure by source of funds ....................................................................................................................................13
3.5 Disbursements by country ...............................................................................................................................................................................14
3.6 Disbursements by stage of malaria control ......................................................................................................................................14
3.7 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
4. Vector control ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
4.1 ITN policy and implementation ..................................................................................................................................................................17
4.2 IRS policy and implementation ...................................................................................................................................................................23
4.3 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
5. Malaria diagnosis and treatment .......................................................................................................................................................................25
5.1 Diagnosis of malaria..............................................................................................................................................................................................25
5.2 Treatment of malaria ............................................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3 Intermittent preventive treatment ..........................................................................................................................................................33
5.4 Antimalarial drug resistance .........................................................................................................................................................................34
5.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
6. Impact of malaria control .........................................................................................................................................................................................39
6.1 Assessing the impact of malaria interventions ............................................................................................................................39
6.2 African Region: high-burden countries ................................................................................................................................................40
6.3 African Region: low-transmission countries ....................................................................................................................................46
6.4 Region of the Americas ......................................................................................................................................................................................48
6.5 South-East Asia Region ......................................................................................................................................................................................50
6.6 European Region .......................................................................................................................................................................................................52
6.7 Eastern Mediterranean Region .....................................................................................................................................................................54
6.8 Western Pacific Region .......................................................................................................................................................................................56
6.9 Malaria elimination and prevention of reintroduction ...........................................................................................................58
6.10 Global estimates of malaria cases and deaths, 2000–2009 ...............................................................................................58
6.11 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................60
PROFILES – 24 high-burden countries .........................................................................................................................................................................63
ANNEXES ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................137