贫困与共同繁荣2018年：拼凑贫困之谜

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贫困与共同繁荣2018年：拼凑贫困之谜
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Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Team xv
Abbreviations xix
Overview 1
Staying focused on the poorest 4
Monitoring progress in a growing world 7
Piecing together the poverty puzzle 12
Introduction 15
1 Ending Extreme Poverty: Progress, but Uneven
and Slowing 19
Monitoring extreme poverty: A quarter century of progress 19
Nowcasts and forecasts to 2030 22
Uneven progress: A regional profile of poverty reduction 24
Drilling down: The countries with the most poor 29
Drilling down: Africa and fragile and conflict-affected countries 33
Socioeconomic and demographic profile of global poverty 37
Conclusions 39
Annex 1A Historical global and regional poverty estimates 41
Annex 1B Validation check of the 2030 poverty projections 46
Notes 47
2 Shared Prosperity: Mixed Progress 49
Beyond extreme poverty: A focus on the bottom 40 49
Continued progress in most economies though some are falling short 50
The poorest countries have limited information about shared prosperity 54
Growth at the bottom and the top is not always even 55
Who are the bottom 40? 58
Monitoring the twin goals 59
Annex 2A Shared prosperity definitions 62
Annex 2B Shared prosperity estimates by economy 63
Notes 66
3 Higher Standards for a Growing World 67
Introduction 67
Higher poverty lines for everyone: US$3.20 and US$5.50 a day 68
Higher lines tailored to country circumstances: Societal poverty 72
Why not simply use national poverty lines? 79
Conclusion 81
Annex 3A Historical global and regional poverty estimates 83
Notes 85
4 Beyond Monetary Poverty 87
Why look beyond monetary poverty? 88
Considerations for constructing multidimensional poverty measures 90
A first global picture 96
A deeper look 103
Conclusion 108
Annex 4A Comparison of indicators used in multidimensional
poverty measures 110
Annex 4B Multidimensional poverty measures: A formalization 111
Annex 4C Statistical tables 113
Notes 120
Spotlight 4.1 National Multidimensional Poverty Indexes 122
5 Inside the Household: Poor Children, Women, and Men 125
Introduction 125
Beyond headship: Gender and age profiles of the global poor 128
Differences in resources and poverty within households 132
An individual perspective on multidimensional poverty 140
Conclusion 144
Annex 5A Technical note: Estimating intrahousehold resource shares 147
Notes 148
Appendix A Data Details 151
Main databases for the report 151
Classification of economies 152
Chapter 1 data and methodology 154
Chapter 2 data and methodology 159
Chapter 3 data and methodology 161
Chapter 4 data and methodology 162
Chapter 5 data and methodology 165
Note 166
References 167