导出数据到Excel的实用方案

成长路上除了 · 发表于 2019-4-28 15:12:02

实际工作场景中，经常需要将系统中数据导出为Excel，便于产品和运营查阅和二次处理。本文详细介绍了使用PHP导出数据的方法。

PHP操作Excel主要有两个第三方库，一个是 PHPExcel ，另外一个是 PhpSpreadsheet 。其中PhpSpreadsheet是PHPExcel的升级版本。

PHPExcel本身支持超链接、样式设置（字体、颜色、边框线、对齐等）、行高列宽设置、表格冻结、公式、合并单元格、多表格等特性。从官方文档得知，PHPExcel支持PHP5.2版本，代码质量和性能会低于PhpSpreadsheet。另外PHPExcel从2015年便不再维护，因此很难从社区增加新特性和处理历史缺陷。PHPExcel支持xls和xlsx两种格式，xls是Microsoft Excel 2003以下版本支持的文件，xlsx是Microsoft Excel 2007以后开始的。

PhpSpreadsheet是下一代的PHPExcel，支持PHP5.6及以上，可以处理Microsoft Excel和LibreOffice Calc。PhpSpreadsheet作为下一代的PHPExcel，目前得到社区持续维护。

基于本身业务特点，以及疑难问题的快速处理，最终选择了PHPExcel作为导出的基础库，并且采用xls文件格式。PHPExcel库因为历史久远，积累了很多其他用户踩过的坑，也便于我们处理类似疑难问题。

下文所述的方法是将内容导出为xls文件格式。

处理中-内容的处理
处理多sheet
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->createSheet($i);

$obj_phpexcel = new PHPExcel();
$sheet_datas;//实际数据
$sheet_name = 'test';
foreach($sheet_datas as $i => $sheet_data) {
$obj_phpexcel->createSheet($i);
$obj_phpexcel->setActiveSheetIndex($sheet_index);
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setTitle($sheet_name);
}

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处理样式
核心方法： $obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle(‘A1’)->applyFromArray($style_array);

getStyle的参数为实际坐标，比如A1，代表A列的第1行的单元格。applyFromArray的参数为样式配置。

//样式配置
$style_array = array(
'alignment' => array(
'horizontal' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_GENERAL = 'general'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT = 'left'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT = 'right'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER = 'center'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER_CONTINUOUS = 'centerContinuous'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_JUSTIFY = 'justify'
'vertical' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_BOTTOM = 'bottom'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_TOP = 'top'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER = 'center'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_JUSTIFY = 'justify'
'rotation' => (int)
'wrap' => (boolean)
'shrinkToFit' => (boolean)
'indent' => (int)
)
'borders' => array(
'allborders' => array(
'style' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE = 'none';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT = 'dashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT = 'dashDotDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED = 'dashed';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED = 'dotted';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE = 'double';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR = 'hair';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM = 'medium';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT = 'mediumDashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT = 'mediumDashDotDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED = 'mediumDashed';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT = 'slantDashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK = 'thick';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN = 'thin';
'color' => array(
'rgb' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_BLACK = 'FF000000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_WHITE = 'FFFFFFFF';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_RED = 'FFFF0000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKRED = 'FF800000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_BLUE = 'FF0000FF';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKBLUE = 'FF000080';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_GREEN = 'FF00FF00';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKGREEN = 'FF008000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_YELLOW = 'FFFFFF00';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKYELLOW = 'FF808000';
)
)
'left' => // See 'allborders'
'top' => // See 'allborders'
'right' => // See 'allborders'
'bottom' => // See 'allborders'
'diagonal' =>
'diagonaldirection' =>
)
'fill' => array(
'type' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_NONE = 'none';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID = 'solid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_GRADIENT_LINEAR = 'linear';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_GRADIENT_PATH = 'path';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKDOWN = 'darkDown';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKGRAY = 'darkGray';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKGRID = 'darkGrid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKHORIZONTAL = 'darkHorizontal';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKTRELLIS = 'darkTrellis';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKUP = 'darkUp';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKVERTICAL = 'darkVertical';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_GRAY0625 = 'gray0625';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_GRAY125 = 'gray125';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTDOWN = 'lightDown';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTGRAY = 'lightGray';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTGRID = 'lightGrid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTHORIZONTAL = 'lightHorizontal';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTTRELLIS = 'lightTrellis';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTUP = 'lightUp';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTVERTICAL = 'lightVertical';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_MEDIUMGRAY = 'mediumGray';
'rotation' => (double)
'startcolor' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
'endcolor' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
'color' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
)
'font' => array(
'name' =>
'Arial'
'Calibri'
// etc.
'bold' => (boolean)
'italic' => (boolean)
'superScript' => (boolean)
'subScript' => (boolean)
'underline' => (boolean)
'strike' => (boolean)
'size' => (float)
'color' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
)
'numberformat' =>
'protection' =>
)

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写入数据
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValueExplicit(‘A1’, $value, $dtype);

dtype区分不同的数据类型，定义见PHPExcel\Cell\DataType.php

/* Data types */
const TYPE_STRING2 = 'str';
const TYPE_STRING = 's';
const TYPE_FORMULA = 'f';
const TYPE_NUMERIC = 'n';
const TYPE_BOOL = 'b';
const TYPE_NULL = 'null';
const TYPE_INLINE = 'inlineStr';
const TYPE_ERROR = 'e';

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处理超链接
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell(‘A1’)->getHyperlink()->setUrl($URL);
处理公式
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue(‘A1’, ‘=SUM(A10:E9)’);
合并单元格
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells(‘A1:C1’);
列宽和行高

//列宽
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension($column_label)->setWidth($value);
//行高
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getRowDimension($key)->setRowHeight($value);

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表格冻结
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->freezePane(‘D2’);

其他问题
实际值、像素值隐射
PHPExcel没办法将像素值，转化为Microsoft Excel实际的宽度和高度值。如果直接将像素值设置为Excel的实际值，会导致内容存在差异。经过测试得知，Excel实际值和像素值之间满足线性关系。知道问题原因，处理起来便很简单。

private function _get_excel_real_width($value) {
return $value/7;
}

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横坐标处理
Excel的横坐标为A、B….、AA、AB类型，需要将PHP数组下标转化为Excel的横坐标。

private function _get_sheet_col_label($index) {
if (isset($this->_col_label_map[$index])) {
return $this->_col_label_map[$index];
}
$abc = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
for ($i=0; $i < 600; $i++) { //最高支持600列
$a = (int)($i / 26);
$b = $i % 26;
$column_label = '';
if ($a == 0) {
$column_label = $column_label . substr($abc, $b, 1);
} else {
$a = $a -1;
$column_label = substr($abc, $a, 1) . substr($abc, $b, 1);
}
$this->_col_label_map[($i)] = $column_label;
}
return $this->_col_label_map[$index];
}

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默认的样式处理
Excel本身的表格框线无法通过PHPExcel设置，需要trick处理。另外Excel的样式属性与css样式属性也会有差异，需要注意下。

//设置Excel默认框线
$style_array = array(
'borders' => array(
'allborders' => array(
'style' => PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN,
'color' => array('rgb' => 'DDDDDD')
)
)
);

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clearlove · 发表于 2019-5-3 08:58:35

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